I have talked a lot about the application software development side of IT solutions; let’s take a brief moment to talk a little about the IT Infrastructure. IT Infrastructure Management is one area that in my opinion is sometimes over done. In doing IT Optimization audits for clients I see companies that have 25 employees and running 10 servers on their network, or 50 employees and running 20 servers. Having that many servers servicing so few employees makes for an over architected IT Infrastructure.
Some of this issue comes from software vendors that recommend that you put only 15 employees on a terminal server to access their ERP package. When in normal business operations a terminal server can support 30 or more employees. If the ERP package can truly support so few employees per server, is it really supporting your business needs? Most of the time this recommendation is made so that all employees will receive adequate response time from the application, when in fact the number of employees per server can significantly increase without degradation of response time.
So the first recommendation that I would make to reduce the number of servers deployed on your network, and thereby the cost, is to challenge that vendor recommendation. Put an additional five employees on a terminal server and see if response time is negatively affected. If not, add another five employees. Find the maximum number of employees that a server can support with response time with which the business can live.
Once you have done all you can to reduce the number of servers deployed on your network, to further reduce the cost of running your IT infrastructure, look into Virtualization. You can run 5 or more servers on one piece of hardware, thereby reducing space needed and the cost of electricity and room climate control.
Once you have made the decision to have your IT Infrastructure go virtual, there are a few things to consider when making the jump to the virtual world.
- Define your virtualization goals
- Select virtualization candidates
- Capacity planning and determining requirements
- Compare virtualization approaches
- Manage virtualization security
- Automate virtualization management
Define the goals you wish to accomplish by going virtual. These may include:
- Cost savings
- Simplified administration and management
- Portability and hardware independence
- Ability to quickly adapt to changing business requirements
Power, physical space, rack space, and cooling are cost generators that businesses need to control. This can be accomplished with increased hardware resource utilization or server consolidation. Typically, the majority of systems in an organization’s data center are underutilized. The goal is to combine all workloads in a safe and easy way so they can reside on fewer servers. An organization should get rid of or repurpose the older servers to reduce the carrying costs for all servers in the environment.
With regard to simplifying administration and management, virtualization is a double-edged sword. Organizations often discover that they have the same types of issues with virtual machines (VMs) that they have with their physical machines. But in many ways, the issues with virtual machines are easier to address. For example, instead of relying on data center staff to resolve certain types of issues, it is possible to resolve these issues with remote management tools.
One of the most important goals of virtualization is portability and hardware independence. Without virtualization, applications are tightly coupled to the operating system on which they run. In turn, that operating system is tightly coupled to the hardware on which it runs. The result is a stack that is difficult to move. For example, if an organization wants to move an operating system from one server running one hardware platform to another server running a different hardware platform (for example, from a Dell server to an HP server or vice versa), this task is difficult to accomplish without virtualization.
Finally, organizations need the ability to adapt quickly to any changing requirements that arise. Virtualization makes it possible to rebuild and redeploy systems quickly.
Selecting virtualization candidates is a matter of evaluating different types of applications and operating systems to determine the best way for them to run within a virtual environment. Some issues to consider are compatibility, software licensing, software compatibility, hardware limitations and IT virtualization expertise.
Capacity planning deals with host (virtual) server constraint issues in CPU, memory, network and storage.
There are four virtualization approaches:
- Presentation level allows applications to run on a single central server.
- Application level allows the applications to execute on the client, but within the client independent partitions are created to make it possible to run many different types of applications.
- Server level provides the ability to run multiple operating systems on a single server.
- Hardware level runs through a hypervisor on a physical server.
An organization must determine which approach suites their business needs best.
Virtualization provides some great security features such as isolation, configuration rollback, abstraction and portability. If a VM is compromised then the problem cannot spread easily to other areas of the IT infrastructure environment. Likewise, if other areas of the network are compromised, then the problem cannot spread to the VM easily. Most virtual platforms provide the ability to roll back the configuration of an entire VM to a point in time. This makes it easy to recover from a security breach quickly. VM/s do not have direct access to hardware, this is abstraction. This prevents a defect or problem on the driver within a VM from translating into a hardware vulnerability. With this abstraction it is possible to move or copy VMs to different hardware, again quick recovery from a security breach.
There are many available Automated Virtualization Management solutions. These make it possible to track physical and virtual workload characteristics which provide centralized management, reporting, alert and notification functions.
So as you can see there is a lot to consider once you have made the decision to take your It Infrastructure virtual. Virtualization can be a great IT Infrastructure Management strategy for many companies.